"TYPE YARD (CITY '), HUMIDITY' CARS. Conservative recovery through the use of natural materials.
April 15, 2010. THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES 15 pages, including this one.
LIST TOPICS COVERED IN THIS DOCUMENT.
INTRODUCTION -
overall analysis of Inspection (variable depending on CANRITERE)
NOTE 1 -
macroporous plaster.
Topic 1 - Section 1 - PARAGRAPH 1.1 - PARAGRAPH 1.2 (variable depending on CANRITERE)
Working under "types such as" to the remaking of the plaster with the use of mortars based natural cocciopesto hydraulically active.
Topic 2 -
Composition and nature of the mortar used. (ALWAYS VALID)
CONCLUSION -
Choices binding (to be corrected on the basis of final decisions to be agreed).
STATEMENT AND TECHNICAL CONTENT OF NATURAL MORTAR. (ALWAYS VALID)
Declaration of exclusive use of mortars based natural earthenware and technical information on the active hydraulic lime mortars.
PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION WALLS OF DEGRADED. LINK
http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=20920&id=100000146261973&l=315fea4a10
EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF NATURAL MORTAR. TIPOLOGUIE EXTREME. LINK
http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=7470&id=100000146261973&l=fd99ad16b0
INTRODUCTION ANALYSIS OF TOTAL SURVEY
The complex YARD TYPE, is perched on a rocky promontory which contains the calcarine in a portion of the image of Christ found in ----- and for which it was erected the same song KIND.
A research carried out shows that the last renovation work that has affected the shipyard in a way sostanziale è datato anno ------.
Il progetto di recupero principalmente finalizzava: CANTIERE TIPO.
Oggi andremo ad analizzare gli interventi di recupero che hanno interessato gli intonaci interni ed esterni.
Per questi, sono stati usati intonaci base calce ed intonaci macroporosi. Risulta da una analisi visiva che gli intonaci esterni di finitura denunciano un distacco dall’intonaco traversato in fase crescente ed evolutiva. Questo fenomeno è identificabile come matrice di degrado principalmente sulle fasce mediane, sopra quelle basamentali realizzate con intonaci di traversato macroporoso. Gli stessi cedimenti causati da distacco dell’intonco ed esfoliazione, sono riscontrabili nelle fasce perimetrali basamentali dei muri interni. The causes
derived, which define the effect of degradation found, are mainly due to capillary moisture, in obvious artifacts of this nature.
mortars applied and enforcement procedures, reveal inconsistencies between the different layers of plaster, in fact, the pressures exerted by the vapors which act on the surfaces of faces belonging to the adhesion of the plaster finish, flush with the crossed plasters, call obvious and growing gaps .
The lack of mechanical grip, typical of techniques required to finalize the additives and the inability of the same plaster finish to ensure continuity in the transport of the vapors, unleashed the mechanical failure with the consequent detachment.
The breakup of the plaster (mainly triggered by moisture present in the constant derived from the capillary wall and the rain) is a mechanical decay caused by the residual lime mortars in this freedom, which in a first stage of hydration becomes identified as a weak acid, calcium carbonate, this then composing with the sulfates is transformed into gypsum, in the end if there are any tricalcium aluminate (components in certain binders, such as Portland cement) in ettringite.
plasters used mainly by the presence of basic additives (see macroporous) and grain sizes with inappropriate techniques speeds (see also the lack of pounding on the trip) have defined the conditions of degradation and visually detectable defect.
The obviousness of the condition complained of degradation, which needs no obvious mineralogical testing and so on. Is mainly due to an inappropriate type of material, which too often under false intentions of a Malta-based "bottom" even if complemented with special additives (such as complainants in any technical data sheet) can not carry that with only the appropriate use of natural materials based earthenware and natural hydraulic lime can be prosecuted.
I think it is worth noting that the natural mortars (further described below) aimed at historical artifacts, where the mortar and ashlar being composed represent the structural module, must be highly specialized intervention, implying that the integration of the segments is definitely something simple in terms of material recovery, what is more complex than the formulation and construction of a natural hydraulic mortar activities to be implemented.
It needs to emphasize that a lime-based plaster is not suitable (with simple formulation presented so) in humid conditions.
To obtain a natural hydraulic mortar, you have to use 98% pure calcium lime as a fundamental part of the ligands is complemented with the use of aggregates such as micronized earthenware, sand silica, pumice, natural hydraulic limes, in order to always have a mix of natural hydraulic mortars active.
The conviction of what is claimed, is supported by examples of existing and inherited (passed down by our experts as well as predecessors), the interventions of contemporary conservative recovery they see the applications of techniques and materials used wisely.
We can and must maintain the architectural heritage inherited, using appropriate techniques and materials carefully.
Dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
NOTE 1 -
macroporous plaster.
The use of dehumidifying renders macroporous raises reflections. The addition of specific additives, such as aerators, are often addressed to plasters containing compound or resin-based products in any case not entirely natural. Additivante Integration is not necessary when the mortars are entirely natural.
The regulations specify, what should be the minimum parameters for acceptable and functional macroporous plaster.
The purpose of a macroporous plaster is to prevent the transport of water that inevitably convey salts. A plaster
thus defined, mainly, should only allow the movement of vapor molecules that can not carry the same salts dimensionally larger vapor.
The structure, preparation, consisting of a high air content should ensure an even distribution of air bubbles that will not leave spaces wide enough to allow the water molecule to convey. The request
of attention given in mixing the plaster covered by the executive time needed for the homogenization of the mix, which should ensure uniform distribution dell'aerante (which defines an air content rate remained close to 48%) inside the mixture, alone would be enough to avoid using them. The air content
pursued in macroporous plaster, it is not necessary for natural plasters made with appropriate distribution curves.
A macroporous plaster (which replaces a mostly crossed) contains distribution curves stable at around 2 mm. examined as above. These production decisions involve the addition of micro fibers that serve to complement structural aggregates.
mix so I made up for the excessive amount of fines, require corrective additives that complement the maximum allowable percentage of binders that alone can not suffice for the normal holding of the same structural plaster, remember that excessive amounts of ligands involve injuries and fractures at the same plaster.
A natural plaster, properly designed, can have average particle sizes that stood (see above screen) for 5 or 8 mm ..
remember that the historic walls, with portions of grains have also come bundled with curves of up to 10 and even 15 mm.
In general, the aggregates contained in the pre-mixed distribution curves are too low compared to those found on historic artefacts.
The choice that finalizes the use of macroporous plaster is not acceptable, given that the mortar for historic artefacts should necessarily be composed of natural elements with aggregates containing distribution curves appropriate binders and natural hydraulic lime, all complemented by appropriate pro rata amount of earthenware and / or silica sand.
Dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
TOPIC - PARAGRAPH 1 1
proposed works. SUMMARY.
External rendering.
- scaffolding necessary for the execution of the work, prepared and maintained for the duration of the works in accordance with and following the rules regarding security;
- total removal of the plaster finish, with appropriate tools such as: brush , paddle and all means and tools required for the elimination Total existing finish (including idrosabbiatrice)
- verification of existing and crossed to maintain, free from the old finish (as indicated in the preceding paragraph) in order to ascertain the status of that which must be crossed: it is perfectly solid, with no gaps , flaked and parts of any disease due to degradation or decline in being;
- eventual recovery of portions of deteriorated plaster with mortar as set out below;
- idrosabbiatrice cleaning with the beam held, after appropriate processing of any consolidation, in order to provide support to ensure a homogeneous rough mechanical grip for the next layer of shaving-finish sia per la conseguente finitura, tutto realizzato con malte come appresso indicate;
- picchettatura (cento incisioni per mq. di 1cm*1cm*0,5cm di dimensione, cada uno) su tutte le superfici di traversato mantenuto, successivo lavaggio con idropulitrice, al fine di ottenere le superfici perfettamente pulite e prive di polveri.
- rasatura-finitura, sulle porzioni sommitali non definite come nella voce successiva (scelta progettuale da concordare), da applicare sul traversato mantenuto e come precedentemente lavorato, con malta naturale idraulicamente attiva (come sotto descritta) data in due tempi, con le tecniche di finitura e cromia definite dalla D.L.
Nota: tutte le fasi di lavorazione prevedono sempre la bagnatura dei muri fino to complete imbibition of water and curing times better than indicated by the DL
PARAGRAPH 1 .1
ALL AROUND AND basement to a height not less than the lintel of the entrance door PRINCIPAL TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION.
- total removal of old plaster and listatura between the segments to the raw stone, and in any case at a depth of not less than 3 cm. the wire stone quoins brushing to eliminate the old mortar to secure the opening of the pores of the same segments for the subsequent mechanical grip from the mortar scratch coat;
- roughcast listing with natural mortar hydraulically active (as described below), as consolidation of the masonry pre-existent bridge and anchor for the subsequent processing.
- rincocciatura bordered with natural mortar hydraulically active (as described below and as defined in the DL colors) of the segments, defining a fixed wire as the same wall that represents the hypothetical rincocciatura sixths of the same listing. In hardened mortar and subsequent compaction of the final wash with acidified water and concert listatura (design choice to be defined, as currently proposed finish draped in sight).
WORKING UNDER PARAGRAPH 1.2 SUMMARY.
internal plasters.
ALL AROUND INTERNAL basement to a height not less than the TABLE TOP of the side altars, OR SALARIES, PRESENT YARD IN KIND.
- total removal of old plaster and listatura between the segments to the raw stone, and in any case at a depth of not less than 3 cm. the wire stone quoins brushing to eliminate the old mortar to secure the opening of the pores, the same blocks for subsequent mechanical grip from the mortar scratch coat;
- rough coat with natural mortar hydraulically active (as described below), necessary for the consolidation of existing masonry anchor and as a bridge for further processing.
- rincocciatura with natural mortar hydraulically active segments as wire fixed by defining the same wall that represents the hypothetical sixth of the same rincocciatura edged. A hardened form after compaction of the mortar.
- crossed with natural hydraulic mortar active (as described below), performed at the rincocciatura and preparing the walls of their completion and for smoothing and finishing the final speech to finish dull.
- shaving Tonachino order on hand to support the preparation of suitably designed to contain the whitewashed finish made with natural mortar hydraulically active (as described below) with chromium in accordance with the DL
The various stages of processing have always the wetting walls up to full imbibition of water and curing times better than indicated by the DL
ARGOMENTO - 2
Composizione e natura delle Malte da impiegare
Le malte dovranno essere in generale sempre composte di aggregati naturali con opportune curve granulometriche e composizione mineralogiche certe a garanzia di mix idraulicamente attivi ed esenti in fase conclusiva da calce libera, additivi in genere e pigmenti.
Le malte dovranno contenere quindi, nel loro mix, aggregati di cocciopesto e/o sabbie silice, che garantiranno, sufficienti presenze (in funzione delle loro caratteristiche mineralogiche) di ossido di silice solubile necessario per ottenere con opportuna aggiunta di calce idrata in polvere e calce idraulica naturale (questi ultimi due saranno gli unici possibili leganti usati a completamento delle malte) la formazione di silicati di calcio. Quest’ultimo composto naturale, in generale e per scelta, è l'unico composto che conferirà e garantirà alle nostre malte presa ed idraulicità.
In generale le malte usate dovranno contenere.
Aggregati naturali in curva garnulometrica con presenza opportuna di:
cocciopesto in curva; sabbia silicea in curva.
Leganti naturali di:
calce idrata in polvere superventilata; calce idraulica naturale NHL 3,5
Le curve granulometriche delle malte saranno comprese tra 0 e 5 millimetri.
I rapporti in volume saranno di:
2/1 /tra calce libera (presente nelle miscele da progetto) e aggregati fini di cocciopesto o sabbie silicee;
2/1 oppure 2.5 / 1 volume ratio between the mix of aggregate and binder;
MIX OF MORTAR - MORTAR INJECTION high stability of volume: volume
rap.in 2 / 1;
000-800 microns grain size;
aggregates: earthenware, calcium carbonate crystal, better integration as defined by the DL
ligands: natural hydraulic lime NHL 3.5;
- MALTA FROM RINZAFFO.
rap.in volume 2 / 1;
grain size 0-5 mm.;
aggregates: basalt lava regrind, earthenware, better integration as defined by the DL
binders: hydrated lime powder and natural hydraulic lime NHL superventilated 3.5;
-. MALTA FROM RINCOCCIATURA and cross-
rap.in volume 2.5 / 1;
grain size 0-5 mm.;
aggregated basis: basalt lava regrind, earthenware, better integration as defined by the DL
binders: hydrated lime powder and natural hydraulic lime NHL superventilated 3.5;
- MALTA TO SHAVE.
rap.in volume 2 / 1;
grain size 0-3 mm.;
aggregated basis: basalt lava regrind, earthenware, better integration as defined by the DL
binders: hydrated lime powder and natural hydraulic lime NHL superventilated 3.5 ;
- MALTA TO FINISH.
rap.in volume 2.5 / 1;
grain size 0-3 mm. as best defined by the DL
aggregated basis: calcium carbonate crystal national and local earthenware, integration as best defined by the DL
ligands: natural hydraulic lime 3.5
NHL - TO MALTA dull.
rap.in volume 2 / 1;
grading curve from 0 to 0.5 mm.; As best defined by the DL
aggregated basis: calcium carbonate crystal clear national and local earthenware, better integration as defined by the DL
binders: hydraulic lime Natural NHL
3.5 NOTE: THE
Malta will be composed exclusively of natural aggregates NATIONAL AND LOCAL CALCIUM HYDRATED LIME POWDER SUPER VENTILATED, Natural Hydraulic Lime NHL 3.5, COCCIOPESTO.
THE MORTAR WILL BE FREE OF: ADDITIVES, PIGMENTS, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN GENERAL.
dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
CONCLUSIONS
Reference document: 02/aprile/10
FIRST SURVEY OF CONSTRUCTION TYPE.
In final arguments list:
A_ exclusive use of natural hydraulic mortars active base cocciopesto free from additives apart: the type of final action. (The plaster macroporous, obtained with additive type air-entraining agent, defines inappropriate distribution curves and values \u200b\u200bcontained in the air up to 50%, did not entirely natural properties as in the analysis said, and not recommended).
B_ best types of interventions and decisive recommendations for rebuilding the plasters are
- rincocciatura edged, after removal of existing plaster and deteriorated, until the raw stone, made with natural mortar base cocciopesto hydraulically active for all external elevations;
- the rebuilding of the interior plastering up to a meter from the floor , after removal of the existing up to the raw stone and for all stratigraphic sections, and obtained reconstructed with natural binders and aggregates cocciopesto hydraulically active compounds. The plaster interior finishes will be completed based on natural hydraulic lime also mineralogically these compounds so that they are not acidic and basic (as in the external mortar).
C_ possible technique they see the application of: technology electrophysics active or passive intervention electroosmotic, obviate the need for taking preventive action working cocciopesto natural plaster base.
D_ I counted a total approximate cost for the recovery shown in the list, including design and supervision of works and about € ------------.
The impact of materials in terms of cost for the construction work and about 20% of the total cost of the planned.
NOTE: YOU MAY PROCEED sectorized WORK AND MADE IN THREE PHASES: SEPARATE EXTERIOR COURTYARD insistence; Internal plastering, external prospects Insistence on overhangs.
Dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
ref. SITE TYPE)
DECLARATION TYPE AND TECHNICAL CONTENT OF NATURAL MORTAR.
Declaration of exclusive use of mortars based natural earthenware and technical information on the active hydraulic lime mortars.
yard run with natural plasters:
"YARD TYPE" for the preservation and renovation of the same through the use of natural materials in accordance with the composition
structural and morphological agglomeration.
document prepared by the head of the mortar: _____________________________________
company carrying out: ______________________________________
SUBJECT: Statement of exclusive use of natural aggregates and natural hydraulic lime NHL 3.5, in accordance with the guidelines contained FROM NEW PRICE LIST for GENERAL Public Works IN THE REGION OF SICILY (Presidential Decree 11 July 2007), the following items: 21.9.1, 21.9.2, 21.9.3, 21.9.4. extracted. VOICES OF REFERENCE:
21.9 - 21.9.1
PLASTER - Rincocciatura and appiombatura of old stone masonry and / or brick
stonacate previously, to be built with mortar made hydraulic lime and scale
of bricks or tiles, including the shot above, the material handling
up to the place of the intervention, the bridges of service for people measures up to m. 3.50
high and more needed to give the complete work to perfect rule of art.
- Per m2 and per cm. thick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 18.00 15%
21.9.2 - Supply and installation of plaster, earthenware, made from a mixture of
natural hydraulic lime-free water-soluble salt and baked Sicilian ground and / or
lava sand, with continuous grain size 0.1 ÷ 3 mm. for restoration and architectural restoration,
finished thickness of not more than 20 mm. consisting of a first layer
(curling) of 3 to 5 mm. to be applied with a trowel, a second layer (body)
thickness not less than 15 mm. trowel designed to be applied between sixth.
All data in place on vertical or horizontal, including the burden on the
formation of edges and corners, including the bridges of service for operations up to 3.50 m.
high and any other charges for teaching and give the complete works perfectly
rule book.
1) for the interior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.10 per m2 and 29%
2) Outdoor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to 54.50 m2 and 31%
21.9.3 - Supply and installation of the topcoat with plaster made cocciopesto
a mixture of natural hydraulic lime-free water-soluble salt and baked Sicilian
ground and / or lava sand, with particle size continuous 0.1 to 1 mm.
for restoration and architectural restoration, finished thickness of not more than 5 mm., lying in place
Dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
ref. SITE TYPE)
twice with troweled finish order. All data in place on vertical or horizontal
, including the burden on the formation of corners and edges, including bridges
service for operations up to 3.50 m. high and any other charges and
teaching to give the complete work to perfect rule of art.
1) for the interior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.80 per m2 and 42%
2) Outdoor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.20 per m2 and 46%
21.9.4 - Supply and installation of the topcoat for interior plaster cocciopesto
composed of a mixture of natural hydraulic lime-free water-soluble salt and baked Sicilian
ground and / or sand flows, with continuous grain size 0.1 to 1 mm.
for restoration and architectural restoration, finished thickness of not more than a 5 mm., tirato
in piano a fratazzo di acciaio in due riprese, battuto e compatto al fine di rendere
la superficie piana e liscia. Il tutto dato in opera su pareti verticali od orizzontali,
compreso l’onere per la formazione di spigoli e angoli, compresi i ponti di servizio
per interventi fino a 3,50 m. d’altezza e qualunque altro onere e magistero per dare
l’opera completa a perfetta regola d’arte.
1) per interni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . al m2 E 23,00 48%
2) per esterni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . al m2 E 25,50 52%
Con la presente si dichiara e certifica che per gli intonaci interior and exterior of the building used for the preservation and renovation currently in question, healthy natural materials used were manufactured on site in order to make mortars based on natural hydraulic lime NHL 3.5, lime flower powder, earthenware and aggregates , free from additives and dyes, industrial chemicals or other corrective action.
At present, for the express request of the parties concerned could be attached to the mineralogy (declared by the manufacturers) and lime for the earthenware used.
binders and aggregates used:
NATURAL HYDRAULIC LIME NHL 3.5.
HYDRATED LIME POWDER SUPER VENTILATED.
COCCIOPESTO cornering.
CRYSTALLINE CARBONATES CALCIUM AND MARBLE DUST IN NATIONAL AND LOCAL CURVE.
basaltic sand into curves.
responsible mortars in the design phase: _________________________________
responsible mortars in the execution phase: ________________________________
Dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
ref. SITE TYPE)
People planning mortars natural "plaster" the general content.
mortars listed below natural aggregates defined by characteristic, necessary for its development concerned, are fundamentally different:
for grain used, the ratio of the volumes obtained from the same aggregates and binders.
All the mixtures, composed of only natural elements, are characterized by hydraulic capacity and their hardness.
The quality of the mortar obtained depend on: the appropriate composition of the natural elements adopted by the presence of hydraulically active aggregates (containing soluble silicon oxide). The Mix
are modulated with defined amounts of lime, always present in the percentage share in the natural hydraulic lime, added in mixtures with defined mass of flower of lime powder. The
made mixtures, as a fundamental characteristic of composition, not in the mix composed of residues of uncombined free lime, which in the case against (after installation) would allow the formation of: weak acids such as calcium carbonate, gypsum and ettringite can.
Mix of natural hydraulic mortars, by design, summary
A - mortar for scratch coat, earthenware base and natural hydraulic lime;
B - mortars and crossed rincocciatura, earthenware base and natural hydraulic lime;
C - mortars for shaving earthenware base and natural hydraulic lime;
D - mortar finishing, earthenware base and natural hydraulic lime;
E - mortars for consolidation, according cocciopesto and natural hydraulic lime;
F - dull finish for mortar, earthenware base and natural hydraulic lime;
Dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
ref. SITE TYPE)
MORTARS AND NATURAL MINERAL BASE HYDRAULIC LIME NATURAL COCCIOPESTO
infinite possibilities and structural types of masonry, often characterized by materials that conform to the morphology of the places they come from, can be treated by identifying the elements main, which are the load-bearing walls, such as blocks and mortars. These, composing, define the static quality of the products.
It 'important to note that the historic masonry blocks of rock, whether igneous or sedimentary origin and mortars, together, define the essential parts being composed and structural building. The malt, then, the place and time should first of all that pertains to the investigation stage that help to define the project.
This phase, according to seniority, should be treated with thorough understanding, because the mineralogical composition of the compounds, the volume ratio defined by the aggregate binder, the resulting mechanical properties of the final mixtures, through a clever pose, they result in satisfactory and durable.
Regarding the volume ratio between binder and aggregates should be pointed out the importance of decreasing amounts of the latter. The mixtures that make up the first coat, the rincocciatura, and crossed the finish must have resistance to compression, bending and modulus of elasticity, decreasing.
is of absolute importance to the knowledge of the structural and morphological type of rock and mortar of bed rest, present in the artifact under consideration to be recovered and preserved. The intrinsic characteristics of pre-existing walls, represent the data base to define an appropriate mix of mortar to make and take. The design choices
mortars contribute substantially, both in structural terms, both in color rendering, especially when it is sought only through the use of natural aggregates without the addition of color additives.
The mortar for finishing is not just a mere expression of color, but an integral part of the whole package that makes up the different layers of the body wall that must absorb and exude so consequential as a guarantee of continuity and exchange. The colors
end of the article, perceptual effect is not only entrusted to a surface film but the result of matter that takes on depth and complexity.
Dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
rif. CANTIERE TIPO)
nozionistica 2) carbonato di calcio, elemento usato come legante, calce aerea pura
La natura mineralogica del carbonato di calcio determina anche in funzione della possibilità di variazione della temperatura di cottura, in specificato modo per le marne, il risultato finale del prodotto.
La formula CaCo3 volgarmente detta anche Calcare, rappresenta la pietra che nella sua percentuale di purezza fino al 98% identifica la calce aerea pura o Calce Calcica. Questa pietra lavorata e cotta fino a 1000° gradi determina quella materia che per eccellenza, priva di impurità, viene ricercata.
La Calce aerea idrata pura. Lavorazione.
CALCE CALCIA può essere lavorata in grassello, in lumps or powder, milk. I see
processes: cooking that turns the limestone into quicklime, the lime off properly, can give:
hydrates in the pit, putty putty or milk;
quicklime properly extinguished through a controlled hydration can be machined lumps of lime and then ground into powder.
The use of such kicks mixed with mineral aggregates, which do not contain glassy are not recommended in wet areas.
remains to be noted that this pure limestone, slaked worked, it is strongly recommended for the recovery of interior decorative plaster, never subjected to moisture. NHL
HYDRAULIC LIME NATURAL.
If the calcium carbonate CaCO3, in its mineral composition, clay content present in quantities ranging between 15% and 19% (see regulations EN459-1) will have a lime able to harden in the presence of water This is defined as Natural Hydraulic Lime "NHL" available only from marly limestone workable in lumps or in powder form and never slaked otherwise reacting with water, harden off the stage directly. Hydration must occur, spraying in a controlled manner during the shutdown of lime maintained at about 120 °.
The availability of water is given by specific mineralogical components, especially from the elements present in the vitreous AS marl, processed and used as the silicates and aluminates. These
, chemical compounds, you get a link from the NHL that occurs during cooking between 0ssido of calcium found in limestone marl and the presence in one of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide on the clay component, all you changes during cooking:
- calcium oxide + silicon oxide = SILICATE
- calcium oxide + aluminum oxide aluminum can
Dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
ref. SITE TYPE)
The free lime which also influences the index: NHL 2, NHL3, 5, NHL 5; rappresenta la quantità di ossido di calcio +H2O (detto anche portlandite) in eccesso e non combinato in fase di cottura come visto precedentemente. Più è alta la presenza di calce libera più bassa sarà la resistenza meccanica e il livello di idraulicità.
4) LE MALTE: MALTE AERE primo tipo; MALTE AEREE CON COMPORTAMENTO IDRAULICO: secondo tipo A, secondo tipo B;
MALTE IDRAULICHE NATURALI terzo tipo .
La calce aerea derivata da calcare puro al 98%, miscelata con aggregati di diversa natura può dare in funzione dei contenuti mineralogici di questi ultimi, malte di diverso tipo:
primo tipo
malte aere ottenute con aggregati inerti: la presa e l’indurimento dipendono dalla total evaporation of water (moisture fear);
A second type
mortars air with hydraulic behavior HL: they hold even in the presence of water and then have hydraulic behavior. The legislation is not binding on the construction of a mortar HL then this can be added to Portland cement, masonry recommended in history (presence of gypsum, problems for the possible formation of ettringite).
second type B
CAUTION: MAY BE MADE HYDRAULIC MORTAR HL DEFINED ACCORDING TO THE LAW USING ONLY NATURAL MATERIALS AND AGGREGATES appropriate as silica sand, earthenware, pumice.
third type
natural hydraulic lime mortars natural hydraulic derived da calcare Marnoso, da sola, miscelata con qualunque tipo di aggregato darà sempre: malte idrauliche naturali.
E’ fondamentale sottolineare che una calce spenta prodotta da un Carbonato di Calcio puro (fino al 98%) miscelato con inerti (primo tipo) perde resistenza meccanica se assoggettata da piogge meteorologiche o da umidità di risalita, ecc.. Questo determina, preferibilmente, l’esclusione dell’utilizzo di Malte Aerea composte con inerti di cui non si può essere certi in senso mineralogico.
In ambienti umidi, la miscela d’intonaco deve essere composta con Aggregati idraulicamente attivi (secondo tipo b) che presentino quindi contenuti mineralogici aventi composti vetrosi come ossido di Silice e aluminum oxide. This will ensure the exclusion of
addition of Portland cement, and water resources to obtain the guarantee of durability. Dr.
. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
ref. SITE TYPE)
The statement requires the need to know the aggregate, which is mixed with lime, it must contain enough in its chemical component glass, intended as AS (alumina and silica).
The reading is difficult in the case of aggregates by their nature can have or not have certain characteristics (such as volcanic aggregate, only referring to content glassy AS in terms of solubility, it can not have them or have them within its mineral component, this possibility is mainly due to cooling time and the last layer which was extracted from the aggregate by lava cava (basalt or rhyolite).
The reliable choice, which sees the use of a cluster than inside it contains the soluble components glassy AS needed to obtain an active hydraulic lime is to be sent to the cooked green clay mineralogical whose components necessary to us with substantive .
Clay is composed mainly = "SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3.
A lime mixed with pozzolana COCCIOPESTO E (the latter obtained by baking the clay at temperatures not exceeding 950 ° and then properly seasoned ground) results in a hydraulic mortar that is not afraid of natural wetlands, which will ensure over time, mechanical strength.
It is noted that a layer of lime-free AS is recommended only in very dry environments, as well as previously said the only use of inert materials mixed with "well seasoned hydrated lime" affected by the moisture, even with the addition of cement Portland.
dott. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
rif. CANTIERE TIPO)
DICHIARAZIONE DI CONFORMITA’ D’USO DI MALTE NATURALI.
esecuzione intonaci naturali presso cantiere:
“CANTIERE TIPO” (città). Recupero conservativo dello stesso attraverso l’uso di materiali naturali conformi alla composizione strutturale e morfologica dell’agglomerato”.
Dichiarazione di uso esclusivo di aggregati naturali cocciopesto e calce idraulica naturale NHL 3,5, nel rispetto delle indicazioni contenute nel NUOVO PREZZARIO GENERALE per i LL.PP. NELLA REGIONE SICILIA, items: 21.9.1, 21.9.2, 21.9.3, 21.9.4.
15-04-10 Done in faith
Technologist Malte. Head Technologist at progettuale_______________________________
Malte. Manager at esecuiva________________________________
Technical Director of the :_________________________________________
Dr. arch.Giuseppe Antonio Longhitano 3401663703 E-MAIL archgalonghitano@gmail.com
